{"id":28486,"date":"2025-02-10T13:45:18","date_gmt":"2025-02-10T13:45:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sabunyapimi.com\/en\/?p=28486"},"modified":"2026-09-25T08:42:47","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T08:42:47","slug":"soap-making-oil-chart","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sabunyapimi.com\/en\/soap-making-oil-chart\/","title":{"rendered":"Soap Making Oil Chart: SAP Values, Fatty Acids and How to Choose Oils"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Which oil makes a harder soap bar? Why does coconut oil produce more bubbles than olive oil? And how much lye does each oil require? A soap making oil chart helps answer these questions before you make a batch.<\/p>\n<p>Oil charts bring several useful figures together: saponification (SAP) values, fatty acid profiles, iodine values and predicted soap properties. This guide explains what those numbers mean, provides a reference table for common oils and shows how to use the chart when developing a soap recipe.<\/p>\n<h2>What Is a Soap Making Oil Chart?<\/h2>\n<p>A soap making oil chart is a reference table for the oils, fats and butters used in soap. It helps you compare ingredients by the qualities they are likely to contribute to a finished bar, such as hardness, lather and cleansing strength.<\/p>\n<p>The chart also lists each oil\u2019s <strong>SAP value<\/strong>. This number is essential because different oils require different amounts of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) to turn into soap. Even when two oils seem similar, swapping one for the other changes the lye calculation.<\/p>\n<p>Think of the chart as a tool for <em>choosing<\/em> oils. Once you have selected your ingredients and their weights, use a reliable lye calculator to determine the amounts of alkali and water for your actual batch.<\/p>\n<h2>Soap Making Oil Chart: Common Oils and SAP Values<\/h2>\n<p>The figures below are approximate reference values in <strong>grams of pure alkali per gram of oil<\/strong>. The NaOH column is used for sodium hydroxide soap calculations; the KOH column is used for potassium hydroxide calculations. Check the exact oil variety and your alkali\u2019s stated purity before making soap.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Oil, fat or butter<\/th>\n<th>NaOH SAP<\/th>\n<th>KOH SAP<\/th>\n<th>Typical contribution to soap<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Olive oil<\/td>\n<td>0.135<\/td>\n<td>0.190<\/td>\n<td>Mild feel; modest, creamy lather<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Coconut oil (76\u00b0)<\/td>\n<td>0.183<\/td>\n<td>0.257<\/td>\n<td>Hardness, abundant bubbles and strong cleansing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Palm oil<\/td>\n<td>0.142<\/td>\n<td>0.199<\/td>\n<td>Firm bar and stable, creamy lather<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Palm kernel oil<\/td>\n<td>0.176<\/td>\n<td>0.247<\/td>\n<td>Bubbles, hardness and strong cleansing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Castor oil<\/td>\n<td>0.128<\/td>\n<td>0.180<\/td>\n<td>Helps support and stabilize lather<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Shea butter<\/td>\n<td>0.128<\/td>\n<td>0.179<\/td>\n<td>Creamy feel and support for a firm bar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cocoa butter<\/td>\n<td>0.138<\/td>\n<td>0.194<\/td>\n<td>Hardness and dense, creamy lather<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sweet almond oil<\/td>\n<td>0.139<\/td>\n<td>0.195<\/td>\n<td>Oleic-rich addition for a mild-feeling bar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Avocado oil<\/td>\n<td>0.133<\/td>\n<td>0.186<\/td>\n<td>Oleic-rich addition and a creamy feel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rice bran oil, refined<\/td>\n<td>0.133<\/td>\n<td>0.187<\/td>\n<td>Balanced addition to blended oil recipes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sunflower oil<\/td>\n<td>0.135<\/td>\n<td>0.189<\/td>\n<td>Softness; properties vary with fatty acid profile<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><figcaption>Approximate SAP values from the SoapCalc oil list. Oil composition varies, so reference values are a starting point rather than a batch-specific laboratory result.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Pay attention to ingredient names:<\/strong> palm oil and palm kernel oil are different ingredients with different SAP values. Likewise, fractionated coconut oil has a different SAP value from ordinary coconut oil. Select the exact ingredient in your calculator.<\/p>\n<h2>What Does SAP Value Mean in Soap Making?<\/h2>\n<p>SAP stands for <strong>saponification value<\/strong>. In a soap making chart, it describes the amount of alkali needed to fully saponify a given weight of oil. For example, a NaOH SAP value of 0.135 means that approximately 0.135 g of pure sodium hydroxide is required for each gram of that oil at 0% superfat.<\/p>\n<p>SAP values may also be expressed as <strong>milligrams of KOH per gram of oil<\/strong>. In that format, a value of 190 mg KOH\/g corresponds to 0.190 g KOH per gram of oil. Always check both the <em>unit<\/em> and whether the chart refers to NaOH or KOH before calculating.<\/p>\n<p>NaOH and KOH figures cannot be exchanged. Sodium hydroxide is commonly used for firm soap bars, while potassium hydroxide is commonly used for liquid soap paste. Commercial alkali may also be less than 100% pure, and calculators can make different purity assumptions. Check the settings of your calculator against the material you actually have.<\/p>\n<h2>How Fatty Acids Affect Soap Properties<\/h2>\n<p>SAP values tell you how much lye to calculate. An oil\u2019s <strong>fatty acid profile<\/strong> gives you a better indication of how it may behave in a finished soap. Common soap making charts display the percentages of these fatty acids:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Lauric and myristic acids:<\/strong> Associated with strong cleansing, hardness and bubbly lather. Coconut and palm kernel oils are common sources.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Palmitic and stearic acids:<\/strong> Help create firm, longer-lasting bars and stable, creamy lather. They are found in ingredients such as palm oil, cocoa butter and shea butter.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Oleic acid:<\/strong> Often associated with a mild-feeling bar and more restrained lather. Olive oil is a familiar oleic-rich oil.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ricinoleic acid:<\/strong> Characteristic of castor oil and valued for its contribution to lather.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Linoleic and linolenic acids:<\/strong> Found in varying amounts in many seed oils. Recipes rich in highly unsaturated oils may need extra attention to oil freshness and storage because oxidation can affect shelf life.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>No single fatty acid tells the whole story. Finished soap depends on the complete oil blend, the alkali calculation, production method and curing conditions.<\/p>\n<h2>How to Choose Oils for a Balanced Soap Recipe<\/h2>\n<p>Start with the qualities you want in the finished bar. Then select oils that contribute to those qualities:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>For a firm bar:<\/strong> Consider oils or butters that contribute palmitic and stearic acids, such as palm oil or cocoa butter.<\/li>\n<li><strong>For more bubbles:<\/strong> Coconut oil can increase bubbly lather. Higher amounts also increase the recipe\u2019s predicted cleansing strength, so evaluate the whole formula.<\/li>\n<li><strong>For a milder-feeling bar:<\/strong> Olive oil and other oleic-rich oils can form the main portion of a recipe.<\/li>\n<li><strong>For lather support:<\/strong> A modest amount of castor oil is commonly used alongside other oils.<\/li>\n<li><strong>For a palm-free recipe:<\/strong> Build the desired properties from other oils and butters, then recalculate the lye. A substitute should never be assumed to have the same SAP value.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Percentages are easier to compare than raw weights when planning a formula. Make sure all oil percentages add up to <strong>100%<\/strong>, then convert them to weights for your batch size.<\/p>\n<h2>Example: Calculating Lye from an Oil Chart<\/h2>\n<p>Suppose a 1,000 g oil blend contains 500 g olive oil, 250 g coconut oil, 200 g palm oil and 50 g castor oil. Using the approximate NaOH SAP values in the table:<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Oil<\/th>\n<th>Weight<\/th>\n<th>NaOH SAP<\/th>\n<th>NaOH at 0% superfat<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Olive oil<\/td>\n<td>500 g<\/td>\n<td>0.135<\/td>\n<td>67.50 g<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Coconut oil<\/td>\n<td>250 g<\/td>\n<td>0.183<\/td>\n<td>45.75 g<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Palm oil<\/td>\n<td>200 g<\/td>\n<td>0.142<\/td>\n<td>28.40 g<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Castor oil<\/td>\n<td>50 g<\/td>\n<td>0.128<\/td>\n<td>6.40 g<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Total<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1,000 g<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td><strong>148.05 g<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p>The general formula is <strong>oil weight \u00d7 that oil\u2019s NaOH SAP value<\/strong>. Add the results for every oil to find the theoretical amount at 0% superfat. For this example, a 5% lye discount gives:<\/p>\n<p><strong>148.05 g \u00d7 0.95 = approximately 140.65 g NaOH.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This example illustrates the calculation; it is not a production-ready recipe. The rounded SAP figures, alkali purity and water settings all matter. Enter the exact oils, weights and intended superfat into a trusted soap calculator before measuring ingredients.<\/p>\n<h2>What Are Superfat, Iodine and INS Values?<\/h2>\n<h3>Superfat<\/h3>\n<p>Superfat is the amount by which a recipe\u2019s calculated alkali is reduced below the theoretical amount needed to saponify all its oils. It is usually expressed as a percentage. Your chosen superfat changes the lye amount, so set it deliberately in your calculator instead of copying a lye weight from another recipe.<\/p>\n<h3>Iodine value<\/h3>\n<p>Iodine value indicates how unsaturated an oil is. It can offer clues about the likely firmness and oxidation behavior of a soap formula. It is a comparison tool, not a direct measure of whether the finished soap is safe or suitable for skin.<\/p>\n<h3>INS value<\/h3>\n<p>INS combines information derived from SAP and iodine values into a single reference number. It may help you compare formulas, but it cannot capture every quality of a finished soap. A recipe does not have to reach one particular INS number to make a good bar.<\/p>\n<h2>Common Mistakes When Reading a Soap Oil Chart<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mixing up NaOH and KOH:<\/strong> Confirm which alkali the SAP column represents.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Confusing units:<\/strong> A figure in mg KOH\/g is presented differently from a figure in g KOH\/g.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Choosing a similar-sounding oil:<\/strong> Palm oil, palm kernel oil and palm stearin are separate calculator entries.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Replacing an oil without recalculating:<\/strong> A change in oil weight or type changes the required lye amount.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Treating chart figures as exact measurements:<\/strong> Published SAP values are reference figures; natural oils vary.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Judging a recipe by one score:<\/strong> Hardness, lather and cleansing predictions should be read together with the full fatty acid profile.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ignoring alkali purity:<\/strong> Check the product specification and the assumptions used by your calculator.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<h3>Which oil is best for making soap?<\/h3>\n<p>There is no single best oil for every recipe. Olive oil, coconut oil, castor oil and butters contribute different qualities. Many soap makers blend oils to achieve the firmness, lather and feel they want.<\/p>\n<h3>Can I use the same SAP value for every type of coconut oil?<\/h3>\n<p>No. Ordinary coconut oil and fractionated coconut oil have different SAP values. Match the chart or calculator entry to your actual ingredient.<\/p>\n<h3>Does a higher SAP value mean better soap?<\/h3>\n<p>No. SAP tells you how much alkali an oil requires. Soap quality depends on the full recipe and how it is made and cured.<\/p>\n<h3>Can I calculate lye using percentages alone?<\/h3>\n<p>You can design the oil blend in percentages, but you need the oil weights for your chosen batch size to calculate the lye weight. Use a soap calculator for the final recipe.<\/p>\n<h2>Final Thoughts<\/h2>\n<p>A useful soap making oil chart does two jobs: it helps you compare what oils may bring to a formula, and it provides the SAP values needed to calculate lye. Read the alkali type and units carefully, consider the full fatty acid profile, and recalculate every time you change an ingredient. Those steps make recipe development more consistent and easier to understand.<\/p>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/soapcalc.net\/oil-list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SoapCalc: Soap Making Oil Chart &amp; Properties<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/soapcalc.net\/helptext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SoapCalc: How to Use the Soap Calculator<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.brambleberry.com\/lyecalculator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bramble Berry: Lye Calculator and Alkali Purity Notes<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Which oil makes a harder soap bar? Why does coconut oil produce more bubbles than olive oil? And how much<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":30396,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1117,1116,1119,1115,1114,1112,1110,1113,1111,1118],"class_list":["post-28486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-soap-making-guide","tag-best-oils-for-soap-making","tag-fatty-acids-in-soap","tag-how-to-calculate-lye-for-soap","tag-koh-sap-values","tag-naoh-sap-values","tag-saponification-chart","tag-soap-making-oil-chart","tag-soap-making-oils","tag-soap-oil-sap-values","tag-soap-recipe-oil-chart"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Soap Making Oil Chart: SAP Values, Fatty Acids and How to Choose Oils - Soap Making &amp; Kits &amp; E Books &amp; Recipes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore a soap making oil chart with NaOH and KOH SAP values. 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